These results showed the proposed model outperforms higher performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches. In experimental works, the best F1-scores for MT, DAGM, and AITEX datasets using the proposed DSEB-EUNet architecture were 89.20%, 85.97%, and 90.39%, respectively. The proposed model was tested using three general datasets for surface defect detection. Finally, pixel-level defect detection was performed using the sigmoid function. Besides, in the decoder part of the proposed model, the structure called Multi-level Feature Concatenated Block (MFCB) transferred the weighted features to the last layers without losing spatial detail. The proposed DSEB based on the combination of Squeeze-Excitation and Depth-wise Separable Convolution enabled to reveal of critical information by weighting the features with a lightweight gating mechanism for surface defect detection. Then, these features were transferred to the Depth-wise Squeeze and Excitation Block. First, in the encoder part of the proposed model, low-level and high-level features were obtained by the EfficientNet network. The proposed model consists of an encoder–decoder, the basic structure of the Unet architecture, and a Depth-wise Squeeze and Excitation Block added to the skip-connection of Unet. In line with this purpose, this paper proposed a novel approach based on Depth-wise Squeeze and Excitation Block-based Efficient-Unet (DSEB-EUNet) for automatic surface defect detection. Recently, efforts to develop high-performance automatic surface defect detection systems using computer vision and machine-learning methods have become prominent. Detection of surface defects with high accuracy can prevent financial and time losses.
#Download pca column full crack crack
After the crack has grown to a certain length, the growth rate will slow down.ĭetection of surface defects in manufacturing systems is crucial for product quality. It shows that the crack is easier to crack when the crack value is smaller. However, when a = 20 mm and a = 25 mm, the stress at the crack tip is significantly reduced. When a = 15 mm, the stress value at the crack tip is the largest. When the crack is smaller, the stress value at the tip is larger. As the analysis time increases, the stress also increases. The experimental results in this study show that with the decrease in the ambient temperature, the stress at the crack tip increases continuously. With the help of ABAQUS software, a curved beam model with cracks was established for calculation, and moving loads and ambient temperature fields were added for analysis. It proposes to use the finite element method to analyze the crack problem in the pavement structure. Based on the theory of fracture mechanics and viscoelasticity, this work studies the problem of crack propagation from a macroscopic perspective. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different ambient temperatures and mobile vehicles on the stress around the crack tip and the propagation path of different types of asphalt pavements. To determine whether a structure can continue to be used safely, it is most important to determine whether microscopic or macroscopic cracks present in the structure continue to propagate and cause structural failure. Asphalt concrete pavement has elastic properties, and its viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity are obviously affected by temperature. Asphalt concrete pavement has a wide range of applications in the construction of high-grade highways.
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